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unaccompanied minor
An unaccompanied minor is a child without the presence of a legal guardian. This term is used in immigration law and in airline policies. The specific definition varies from country to country and from airline to airline.
==Immigration law==
In immigration law unaccompanied minors, also known as separated children,〔(Unaccompanied minors ) Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration - International Organization for Migration Brussels〕 are generally defined as foreign nationals or stateless persons below the age of 18, who arrive on the territory of a state unaccompanied by a responsible adult, and for as long as they are not effectively taken into care of such a person. It includes minors who are left unaccompanied after they entered the territory of state.〔http://www.enscw.org/documents/Ms.%20Goeminne.pdf〕
Most European and North American countries have experienced an increase in unaccompanied minors’ flow. The majority of minors are male, between 15 and 18 years, from Afghanistan, Iraq, Western and Central Africa and Somalia. Most apply for asylum after arriving in the receiving country.〔〔(Workshop on Unaccompanied Minors ) Intergovermental consultations on migration, asulym and refugees, 9–10 December 2009〕
A few countries have non-asylum procedures in place to adjudicate unaccompanied minor cases. In Spain most cases fall under the non-asylum procedure.〔 In the United States in addition to asylum certain vulnerable unaccompanied minors may be eligible for a T visa (trafficking victim),〔(Victims of Human Trafficking: T Nonimmigrant Status ) U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services〕 U visa (victims of crime),〔(U Visa for Immigrants who are Victims of Crimes ) U.S. Immigration Support〕 or Special Immigrant Juvenile status (abused, neglected, or abandoned child).〔(Special Immigrant Juvenile Status ) Unaccompanied Minors Project〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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